'Tourette' redirects here. For other uses, see. Tourette syndrome Synonyms Tourette's syndrome, Tourette's disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) (1857–1904), namesake of Tourette syndrome, Symptoms Usual onset Typically in childhood Duration Long term Causes Genetic with environmental influence Based on history and symptoms Treatment Education, Medication Usually none, occasionally and Prognosis Improvement to disappearance of tics beginning in late teens Frequency About 1% Tourette syndrome ( TS or simply Tourette's) is a common with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple motor and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. These tics characteristically wax and wane, can be suppressed temporarily, and are typically preceded by an unwanted urge or sensation in the affected muscles. Some common tics are eye blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements.

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Tourette's does not adversely affect intelligence. Tourette's is defined as part of a of, which includes provisional, transient and persistent (chronic) tics.

While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of and environmental factors. There are no specific tests for diagnosing Tourette's; it is not always correctly identified because most cases are mild and the severity of tics decreases for most children as they pass through adolescence. Extreme Tourette's in adulthood, though sensationalized in the media, is a rarity; tics are often unnoticed by casual observers. In most cases, medication for tics is not necessary. Education is an important part of any treatment plan, and explanation and reassurance alone are often sufficient treatment.

Many individuals with Tourette's go undiagnosed or never seek medical care. Among those who are seen in, (ADHD) and (OCD) are present at higher rates. These co-occurring diagnoses often cause more impairment to the individual than the tics; hence, it is important to correctly identify associated conditions and treat them. About 1% of school-age children and adolescents have Tourette's.

It was once considered a rare and bizarre, most often associated with (the utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks), but this symptom is present in only a small minority of people with Tourette's. The condition was named by (1825–1893) on behalf of his resident, (1857–1904), a French physician and, who published an account of nine patients with Tourette's in 1885. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Classification are sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic movements (motor tics) and utterances (phonic tics) that involve discrete muscle groups. Motor tics are movement-based tics, while phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. Tourette's was classified by the fourth version of the () as one of several 'usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence' according to type (motor or phonic tics) and duration (transient or chronic). Transient tic disorders consisted of multiple motor tics, phonic tics or both, with a duration between four weeks and twelve months. Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple, motor or phonic tics (but not both), which were present for more than a year.

Tourette's is diagnosed when multiple motor tics, and at least one phonic tic, are present for more than a year. The fifth version of the DSM (), published in May 2013, reclassified Tourette's and tic disorders as listed in the neurodevelopmental disorder category, and replaced transient tic disorder with provisional tic disorder, but made few other significant changes. Software development fundamentals exam 98 361 ebook pdf.