Programma Generator Sinusa
They are/were a great little sine wave generator. Actually, I think they were one of the first DDS devices on the market back in the late 1980's and very early 1990's. You may still want to have a look at them, though.
Pulse Width Modulation ( PWM) is a technique in which the width of a pulse is modulated keeping the time period of the wave constant. The ON time and OFF time can have any different values in the wave cycles, but the sum of the ON time and OFF time remains same for the entire cycles. PWM is a digital wavethat can be generated using digital circuits which are not capable of generating analog voltages.
With the help of the modulation of the width of a pulse in a period of the wave, they can generate any required voltage with the help of a proper filter circuits. The filter circuits are used for generating the voltage corresponding to a modulated wave. Hence the PWM wave is always associated with a filter circuit. This feature of the PWM wave is making use in so many digital systems like DC motor control, audio devices, simple decoration light controls etc. The has an inbuilt PWM module which can generate continuous PWM waves.
This project explores the PWM module of the PIC18F4550 and tries generating a sine wave with the help of a filter circuit. Generating a sine wave has a great deal of importance since the sine wave is the most natural waveform and all other kind of waves can be generated as a combination of sine waves with different frequencies and amplitude. The PIC18F4550 has four PWM output channels and they are P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D.
All of them are capable of generating PWM waves at a time. In this project only one of the PWM channels are using. The P1A is the PWM channel in this particular project. A simple example of the of waves generated at this pin is shown below; As shown in the above figure the ‘Period’ of all the wave remains the same but their ‘Duty-cycle’ varies. The period of the wave is the sum of the ‘ON time + OFF time’. Duty-cycle is the percentage of time period for which the logic1 voltage exists in a cycle (ON time), starting from the beginning of the cycle. The PWM is that kind of a wave in which the ON time and OFF time can vary in a cycle but the sum of ‘ON time + OFF time’ remains constant for every cycle.
The period and the duty cycle for a PWM wave can be calculated generally using the following equations; Period = ON time + OFF time Duty-cycle = ON time / (ON time + OFF time) = ON time / Period As shown in the figure, the first PWM wave has a Duty-cycle of 50% which means the on-time is exactly half of that the period of the wave. The second wave has 10% Duty-cycle and the third wave has 90% Duty-cycle. According to the modulation of the width of a pulse in a period of the wave, the PWM can generate any required voltage with the help of a proper filter circuits. The filter circuits are used for generating the voltage corresponding to a modulated wave. Hence the PWM wave is always associated with a filter circuit. When applied to a proper filter the 50% duty cycle can produce half of the maximum voltage of the pulse. If the maximum voltage (logic 1 voltage) of the pulse is 5V then the 50% duty cycle wave can produce a continuous 2.5V.
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